लोकमान्य टिळक.....
"स्वराज्य हा माझा जन्मसिद्ध हक्क आहे आणि तो मी मिळवणारच"
Bal Gangadhar Tilak
Bal Gangadhar Tilak (or Lokmanya
Tilak, pronunciation ); 23 July 1856 – 1 August 1920), born as Keshav Gangadhar Tilak, was an Indian nationalist, journalist, teacher, social reformer, lawyer and an independence activist. He was
the first leader of the Indian
Independence Movement. The British colonial authorities called him "Father
of the Indian unrest." He was also conferred with the honorary title of
"Lokmanya", which literally means "accepted by the people (as
their leader)".
Tilak was one of the first and strongest advocates of "Swaraj" (self-rule) and a strong radical in Indian consciousness. He is known for his quote in Marathi, "स्वराज्य हा माझा जन्मसिद्ध हक्क आहे आणि तो मी मिळवणारच" ("Swarajya is my birthright, and I shall have it!") in India. He formed a close alliance with many Indian National Congress leaders including Bipin Chandra Pal, Lala Lajpat Rai, Aurobindo Ghose and Muhammad Ali Jinnah. Tilak being a strong vocal advocate of Swaraj, did not see eye to eye with Mahatma Gandhi on the means of achieving independence.
He was against Gandhi's policy of Total-ahimsa and
advocated to use force wherever
While Gandhi fondly
administered the title of ‘Maker of Modern India’ on Tilak, the British
labelled him as the ‘Father of Indian Unrest’. The people of India remember him
as ‘Lokmanya’ or ‘widely accepted by the people as the leader’. A teacher and
journalist by profession, Tilak initiated his political life as a Maratha
propagandist but soon developed into a prominent nationalist. He was the first
ever leader to advocate the need for ‘Swaraj’ or ‘Self Rule’. His strong
political opinions and revolutionary ideas raised an alarm in the Indian
consciousness and made people realize the need for free India, where every
religion and race would be treated equally. In his long career as a social
reformer and freedom fighter, his slogan ‘Swaraj is my birth right and I shall
have it’ inspired millions of Indians. He is best remembered for his defiance
of the British rule and fostering the idea of extremist nationalism.
Childhood & Early Life
Bal Gangadhar Tilak
was born in a Chitpavan Brahmin family as Keshav Gangadhar Tilak on July 23,
1856 in Ratnagiri. His father, a school teacher and a Sanskrit scholar, played
an influential role in Tilak’s early life.
Much of his early
education was attained at home. Though highly intelligent, he was extremely
mischievous and as such abhorred by his teachers.
Since young, he
singled out everywhere, due to his independent views and strong opinion. He did
not compromise on his opinion for anyone and thus was quite different from
other boys of his age.
In 1877, he completed his university studies
from Deccan College in Pune, thus becoming one of the few Indians to receive
modern college education. He attained a BA degree in mathematics.
Career
·
Immediately after completing his education, he became a mathematics
teacher in a private school in Pune. However, following ideological differences
with his colleagues, he took up journalism as profession.
·
Appalled by the western education system and its demeaning nature of
treating Indian students, he decided to put an end to the turmoil by setting up
a society that would assist in educating people about Indian culture and
national ideals.
·
Along with Gopal Ganesh Agarkar, Mahadev Ballal Namjoshi and
Vishnushastri Chiplunkar, he founded the Deccan Education Society. The society
aimed at teaching young Indians about nationalist ideas by emphasizing on
Indian culture. It intended to impart quality education to Indian youth.
·
In 1885, Deccan Education Society founded the New English School for
secondary education and Fergusson College for post-secondary studies. He served
as a professor of mathematics in the latter.
·
Once the Deccan Education Society started educating masses about the
Indian culture and nationalist ideas, he initiated two newspapers, namely
‘Kesari’ and ‘Maratha’ that aimed at raising the political consciousness in
people. While ‘Kesari’ was published in Marathi, ‘Maratha’ was in English.
·
Through his weekly newspaper, he openly criticized the British rule.
Furthermore, he even spoke against Indians who worked on the western line of
beliefs. He strongly condemned any kind of political, social and economic
reform that was of advantage for the West.
·
In 1890, he joined the Indian National Congress but did not stand by it
all through. He was blatantly critical of the moderate attitude that the INC
took towards the fight for self-governance.
·
He aimed at widening the popularity of the national movement by
introducing mass celebration of Hindu festivals. In 1894, he initiated the
Ganesh Utsav making it a public event. A year later, he founded the Shivaji
Fund Committee to celebrate the birth anniversary of Shivaji Maharaj.
·
In 1896 when a Bubonic plague hit Bombay and spread to other parts of
the state taking an epidemic status, harsh measures were adopted by the British
to control the same. Through his newspaper, he condemned the British efforts
tagging them as acts of dictatorship and subjugation.
·
In 1897, he was sentenced to 18 months imprisonment. Returning from the
prison, he gained a cult status as a martyr and a national hero.
·
In 1905, he started Boycott and Swadeshi movement. While the former
aimed at boycotting anything connected to the West from foreign good to foreign
clothes, the latter professed use of Indian-produced goods and services.
·
Two years later at the annual session of the Congress, differences broke
out between the moderates and the radicals and led to the emergence of two new
groups.
·
In 1908 he defended Prafulla Chaki and Khudiram Bose – revolutionaries
who threw a bomb on a carriage at Muzzafarnagar, in order to kill the Chief
Presidency Magistrate. He was prosecuted on charges of sedition and inciting
terrorism and was sentenced to jail for a period of six years. It was while
being imprisoned that he penned his magnum opus, Srimad Bhagavadgit Rahasya -
his take on the most sacred book of the Hindus
·
In 1914, after being released from prison, he did not give up on his
political activities and immediately launched the All India Home Rule League.
· Two years later, he rejoined the Indian National Congress. Despite
numerous efforts, he met with almost no success in uniting the moderate and
radical units of the Congress and later turned to self-rule, advocating to the
same to villagers and farmers.
Personal Life & Legacy
- Tilak, who was always adamant about his opinion and views, mellowed down after being released from prison in 1914 due to suffering from diabetes.
He finally breathed his last on August 1, 1920.Though long gone, Tilak’s legacy continues to thrive in the hearts and minds of millions of people. His Marathi newspaper, Kesari is published till date as a daily instead of a weekly.In 2007, the Government of India released a coin to commemorate the 150th birth anniversary of this great freedom fighter.The yearly celebration of Ganesh Utsav and the birth anniversary of Shivaji which he started on a grand scale is celebrated with much pomp and show even today.